Response and Deterioration Mechanism of Bitumen under Acid Rain Erosion

Acid rain as an important environmental issue has a negative impact on bitumen performance, thereby shortening the service life of asphalt pavements. Thus, this research aims to investigate the response of bitumen to acid rain and its deterioration mechanism. For this purpose, the simulated acid rain was prepared to erode neat bitumen and short-term aged bitumen. The hydrogen ion concentration of the acid rain, and the morphological, physical, chemical, and rheological properties of the bitumen were evaluated by means of a pH meter, scanning electron microscopy, physical tests, Fourier transform infrared radiation with attenuated total reflectance, and dynamic shear rheometer. The results showed that bitumen properties were severely affected by acid rain, and the changes in bitumen properties were highly related to the erosion time, leading to a reduction in pH value by 0.2 of residual acid rain, rougher bitumen surface, and stiffer bitumen with more oxygen-containing functional groups and fewer carbonyl acid groups (around 10% decrement) after 90 days erosion. These changes contributed to two deterioration mechanisms: oxidation and dissolution of carbonyl acid. Oxidation and dissolution are, respectively, the dominant actions for neat bitumen and aged bitumen during the erosion process, which eventually leads to various responses to acid rain.     

论小儿太阳病伤寒表实证之脉证并治

执小儿为“纯阳之体,所患热病最多”而滥用辛凉解表和清热解毒于儿科临床,是目前中医儿科界存在的普遍现象.本文从六经辨证的角度,分析了小儿太阳伤寒表证脉、证并治特点,提出小儿太阳伤寒表实证（外感风寒表证）当及时使用辛温解表法之麻黄汤、葛根汤类,以获“体若燔炭,汗出而散”之效.     

氧化锆/磷酸镧可切削复相陶瓷的制备及机械性能研究

目的 利用氧化锆粉体和磷酸镧粉体复合,制备可用于制作牙科修复体并适合牙科加工的氧化锆陶瓷。通过调整原料的成分、配比、添加稳定剂并对材料进行机械性能研究,以期获得一种满足牙科修复体要求的可切削氧化锆/磷酸镧复相陶瓷。方法 通过对氧化锆/磷酸镧复相陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性、维氏硬度、X线衍射显微结构分析等方面的检测分析,来确定氧化锆/磷酸镧复相陶瓷的成分配比以及工艺参数。结果 10%磷酸镧含量组1%稳定剂(Y2O3)加入量时机械性能最佳,抗弯强度(590.36±45.67)MPa,断裂韧性(6.62±0.51)MPa.m1/2;20%磷酸镧含量组3%Y2O3加入量时机械性能最佳,抗弯强度(568.91±28.72)MPa,断裂韧性(3.79±0.13)MPa.m1/2;30%磷酸镧含量组5%Y2O3加入量时机械性能最佳,抗弯强度(405.90±18.06)MPa,断裂韧性(2.46±0.08)MPa.m1/2;40%磷酸镧含量组7%Y2O3加入量时机械性能最佳,抗弯强度(200.90±14.46)MPa,断裂韧性(2.1±0.12)MPa.m1/2。结论 新型牙科氧化锆/磷酸镧复相可切削陶瓷材料烧结制备性能良好,机械性能优良。     

上颌切牙三维有限元模型中多材料属性的设定方法

目的：寻求上颌切牙三维有限元模型构建中多材料属性设定的方法,并探讨相关的生物力学意义。方法：通过Mimics软件导入DICOM数据,建立上颌切牙的三维有限元模型,采用CT值与骨密度和弹性模量的经验公式,最终确定模型的材料属性。结果：通过计算,得到了牙齿不同部位的弹性模量,从而实现了对牙齿多材料属性的设定。结论：通过计算模型密度和弹性模量,进一步确定单元材料属性,对于建立接近实际的牙齿三维有限元模型具有重要的意义。     

医院知识产权权利体系及其保障机制探讨

知识产权权利体系及其保障机制是医院知识产权领域重要而基础性的问题,但学界研究甚少.作者对各类医院知识产权的内涵进行了界定,对知识产权内部结构进行了探讨和归总.在客观分析当下我国医院知识产权流失主要途径的基础上,提出了保障我国医院知识产权的流失防范、侵权救济、开发利用三大机制,从而较为完整地构建了医院知识产权权利体系及其保障机制.     

Psychometric properties of the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers with Relatives in Nursing Homes: Scale development

Aim: Most family caregivers continue their caregiving for frail relatives after admitting them to long‐term care facilities. The characteristics of this caregiving differ from those related to caregiving in home‐care settings. Thus, a new tool to evaluate the burden of family caregivers in institutional settings is needed. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale, the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers with Relatives in Nursing Homes, and to confirm its validity and reliability. Methods: We conducted two cross‐sectional questionnaire surveys. The participants were a convenience sample of family members of residents in seven nursing homes for the validation study and in three nursing homes for the test‐retest study in Japan. Statistical analyses examined exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, concurrent/discriminate validity, and test‐retest reliability. Results: A four‐factor solution with 16 items was selected as the most interpretable questionnaire. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the indices of fitness highly supported these results. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was 0.86 and varied between 0.77 and 0.87 in the four domains. The scale showed moderate correlation with the Nursing Home Hassles Scale, suggesting its concurrent validity. The four domains had only a medium correlation with each other, indicating discriminate validity. Conclusions: The developed scale has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring the caregiving burden of family members with relatives in Japanese nursing homes. Future studies using the scale might lead to the improvement of care for family members with relatives in a long‐term care setting.     

酸性氧化电位水的应用研究进展

作者从酸性氧化电位水在消化内镜消毒应用角度,综述了酸性氧化电位水的生成原理、理化特性、杀菌机制,成分指标要求以及消毒的效果.     

低温环境对有机高性能纤维力学性能的影响研究

目的 有机纤维的力学性能与其应用环境相关,针对低温环境应用,研究不同有机纤维的力学性能相对室温环境的变化情况.方法 通过低温原位测试的试验方法,测试了6种典型有机高性能纤维从室温到低温环境下的拉伸力学性能.结果 低温环境对纤维的力学性能有明显的影响;随着环境温度的降低,选取的典型高性能纤维的断裂强力均表现出先增加而后下降的趋势,并且在低温下的强力高于室温下的强力;纤维的断裂伸长则显现出随温度降低而持续减少的趋势.结论 在低温环境工程应用中,需要关注纤维的力学特性变化,并开展环境适用性分析.     

基于味觉、嗅觉受体分子对接技术的中药性味物质基础研究的路径和方法

中药药性理论是中药理论的核心内容之一,其中五味理论又是中药药性理论的核心内容。中药五味药性的客观表征是中药药性理论研究的钥匙,是阐释传统中药药性理论科学内涵的重要路径。基于五味药性的基本定义以及药物分子-味觉、嗅觉受体的相互作用关系,提出基于分子对接技术的中药五味药性表征的技术方法和研究路径,并结合本课题组实验研究,从味觉、嗅觉感知的生物学机制、分子对接技术原理、同源模建过程以及受体选择与五味药性表达等方面进行系统论述,从中药"五味"的滋味、气味属性角度,为中药药性理论研究提供可参照的研究方法。     

辣木不同部位的价值及应用

辣木,辣木科多年生落叶乔木,是世界上分布最为广泛的物种之一。这一植物的各个部位几乎都具有非常巨大的食用、药用和工业价值。本篇综述主要概括了辣木不同部位（叶片、种子、果荚、花、树皮、根和果胶）的营养成分、生物活性物质和潜在的应用价值,为世界范围内的研究学者和工厂企业进一步加大对这一神奇物种的研究、开发和利用提供便利。此外,本文还分析了辣木在中国的应用现状。通过对近几年辣木研究的总结发现,目前研究最多的部位是叶片和种子,且主要关注于辣木较强的抗氧化能力。目前针对辣木这一物种在分子水平上的研究较少,其多种特性背后的分子机制有待挖掘。